By Andy daga masana'antar Baiyear
An sabunta ta Nuwamba 2, 2022
Anan shine cibiyar labarai ta masana'antar gyaran allura ta Baiyear.Bayan haka, Baiyear zai raba tsarin yin gyare-gyaren allura zuwa labarai da yawa don gabatar da nazarin albarkatun kayan aikin gyaran allura, saboda akwai abun ciki da yawa.Na gaba shine labarin na huɗu.
(8).PP (polypropylene)
1. Ayyukan PP
PP ne wani crystalline high polymer.Daga cikin robobi da aka saba amfani da su, PP shine mafi sauƙi, tare da ƙarancin 0.91g/cm3 kawai (ƙananan fiye da ruwa).Daga cikin robobi na gaba ɗaya, PP yana da mafi kyawun juriya na zafi, yanayin zafinsa na murdiya shine 80-100 ℃, kuma ana iya dafa shi a cikin ruwan zãfi.PP yana da kyakkyawar juriya mai fashewar danniya da kuma rayuwar gajiya mai ƙarfi, wanda aka fi sani da "folding glue".
Cikakken aikin PP ya fi na kayan PE.Samfuran PP suna da nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi da kuma juriya mai kyau.Rashin hasara na PP: ƙananan daidaitattun ƙididdiga, rashin isasshen ƙarfi, rashin juriya mara kyau, sauƙi don samar da "lalacewar tagulla", yana da abin da ya faru na post-shrinkage, kuma bayan rushewa, yana da sauƙi don tsufa, ya zama gaggautuwa, da sauƙi na lalacewa.PP ya kasance babban albarkatun kasa don yin zaruruwa saboda ikon canza launi, abrasion da kaddarorin juriya na sinadarai, da yanayin tattalin arziki mai kyau.
PP abu ne na Semi-crystalline.Yana da wuya kuma yana da matsayi mafi girma fiye da PE.Tunda homopolymer PP yana da rauni sosai a yanayin zafi sama da 0 °C, yawancin kayan PP na kasuwanci sune masu haɗawa da 1 zuwa 4% ethylene da aka ƙara ko pincer copolymers tare da babban abun ciki na ethylene.Nau'in nau'in PP na copolymer yana da ƙananan zafin jiki na yanayin zafi (100 ° C), ƙarancin gaskiya, ƙarancin sheki, ƙarancin ƙarfi, amma yana da ƙarfin tasiri mai ƙarfi.Ƙarfin PP yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka abun ciki na ethylene.
Zazzabi mai laushi na Vicat na PP shine 150 ° C.Saboda babban matakin crystallinity, wannan abu yana da kyau taurin saman da karce kaddarorin juriya.
PP ba shi da matsalolin damuwa na muhalli.Yawanci, PP ana canza ta ta hanyar ƙara filayen gilashi, ƙari na ƙarfe ko robar thermoplastic.Matsakaicin adadin MFR na PP ya fito daga 1 zuwa 40. Kayan PP tare da ƙananan MFR suna da tasiri mafi tasiri amma ƙananan ductility.Don kayan MFR guda ɗaya, ƙarfin nau'in copolymer ya fi na nau'in homopolymer.
Saboda crystallization, da shrinkage kudi na PP ne quite high, kullum 1.8 ~ 2.5%.Kuma daidaituwar shugabanci na raguwa ya fi na kayan kamar HDPE.Ƙara 30% ƙari gilashin zai iya rage raguwa zuwa 0.7%.
Dukansu kayan aikin homopolimer da copolymer PP suna da kyakkyawan juriya na sha danshi, juriya na lalata acid da alkali, da juriya mai narkewa.Duk da haka, ba shi da juriya ga ƙamshi na hydrocarbon (irin su benzene), chlorinated hydrocarbon (carbon tetrachloride) kaushi, da dai sauransu. PP kuma ba shi da tsayayya ga iskar shaka a yanayin zafi kamar PE.
2. Tsarin halaye na PP
PP yana da ruwa mai kyau a zafin jiki mai narkewa da kyakkyawan aikin gyaran fuska.PP yana da halaye guda biyu a cikin sarrafawa:
Na ɗaya: Danko na PP narke yana raguwa sosai tare da haɓakar ƙima (yana da ƙarancin tasiri ta yanayin zafi);
Na biyu: matakin daidaitawar kwayoyin halitta yana da girma kuma yawan raguwa yana da girma.The aiki zafin jiki na PP ne 220 ~ 275 ℃.Zai fi kyau kada ku wuce 275 ℃.Yana yana da kyau thermal kwanciyar hankali (bazuwar zafin jiki ne 310 ℃), amma a high zafin jiki (270-300 ℃), shi zai zauna a cikin ganga na dogon lokaci.Akwai yiwuwar lalacewa.Tun da danko na PP yana raguwa sosai tare da karuwar saurin shear, ƙara yawan karfin allura da saurin allura zai inganta yawan ruwa da inganta haɓakar raguwa da damuwa.Mold zafin jiki (40 ~ 80 ℃), 50 ℃ bada shawarar.
Matsayin crystallization an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar zafin jiki na mold, wanda ya kamata a sarrafa shi a cikin kewayon 30-50 ° C.Narkewar PP na iya wucewa ta ƙunƙuntaccen gibin mutuwa kuma ya bayyana a kwance.A lokacin tsarin narkewa na PP, yana buƙatar ɗaukar nauyin zafi mai yawa (mafi girma musamman zafi), kuma samfurin ya fi zafi bayan an fitar da shi daga ƙirar.
Abubuwan PP ba ya buƙatar bushewa yayin aiki, kuma raguwa da crystallinity na PP sun kasance ƙasa da na PE.Gudun allura yawanci ana iya amfani da allura mai girma don rage matsi na ciki.Idan akwai lahani a saman samfurin, to yakamata a yi amfani da allurar ƙananan gudu a yanayin zafi mafi girma.Matsin allura: har zuwa 1800bar.
Masu gudu da ƙofofi: Ga masu gudu masu sanyi, matsakaicin masu gudu na yau da kullun suna daga 4 zuwa 7mm.Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da sprues da masu gudu tare da jikin zagaye.Ana iya amfani da duk nau'ikan ƙofofin.Matsakaicin diamita na ƙofa suna daga 1 zuwa 1.5mm, amma ana iya amfani da ƙofofin ƙanana kamar 0.7mm.Don ƙofofin gefen, ƙananan zurfin ƙofar ya kamata ya zama rabin kauri na bango;Ƙananan nisa na ƙofar ya kamata ya zama akalla sau biyu na kauri na bango, kuma kayan PP zasu iya amfani da tsarin mai gudu mai zafi.
PP ya kasance babban albarkatun kasa don yin zaruruwa saboda ikon canza launi, abrasion da kaddarorin juriya na sinadarai, da yanayin tattalin arziki mai kyau.
3. Yawan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun:
Masana'antar kera motoci (yafi amfani da PP tare da ƙari na ƙarfe: fenders, bututun samun iska, magoya baya, da sauransu), na'urori (masu bututun kwanon wanki, bututun iskar busassun bututu, firam ɗin injin wanki da murfi, ƙofofin firiji, da sauransu), Kayayyakin masu amfani yau da kullun (lawn) da kayan lambu irin su lawnmowers da sprinklers, da dai sauransu).
Yin gyare-gyaren allura shine kasuwa na biyu mafi girma na PP homopolymers, gami da kwantena, rufewa, aikace-aikacen mota, kayan gida, kayan wasan yara da sauran amfanin ƙarshen masana'antu.
(9).PA (nailan)
1. Ayyukan PA
PA kuma robobi ne na lu'ulu'u (nailan mai tauri ne mai tsauri ko fari mai launin fari).A matsayin filastik injiniya, nauyin kwayoyin nailan gabaɗaya ya kai 15,000-30,000, kuma akwai nau'ikan iri da yawa.Nailan 6 da aka fi amfani da shi, nailan 66, da nailan 1010 don gyaran allura, Nailan 610, da sauransu.
Naylon yana da taurin kai, juriya da lubrication, kuma fa'idodinsa sune galibi babban ƙarfin injiniyoyi, ƙarfi mai kyau, juriya mai ƙarfi, ƙasa mai santsi, babban wurin laushi, juriya mai zafi, ƙarancin juriya, sa juriya, lubrication kai, ɗaukar girgiza. Kuma rage amo, juriya mai, raunin acid, juriya na alkali da juriya na gabaɗaya, insulation mai kyau na lantarki, kashe kai, mara guba, mara wari, juriya mai kyau yanayi.
Rashin hasara shi ne cewa shayarwar ruwa yana da girma, kuma kayan rini ba su da kyau, wanda ke rinjayar yanayin kwanciyar hankali da kayan lantarki.Ƙarfafa fiber na iya rage yawan sha ruwa kuma ya ba shi damar yin aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da zafi mai zafi.Nylon yana da alaƙa mai kyau tare da fiber gilashi (ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a 100 ° C), juriya na lalata, nauyi mai sauƙi da sassauƙa.Babban rashin lahani na PA shine: mai sauƙin sha ruwa, ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun fasaha don gyare-gyaren allura, da ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali.Saboda babban zafi na musamman, samfurin yana da zafi.
PA66 shine mafi girman ƙarfin inji kuma mafi yawan amfani da iri-iri a cikin jerin PA.Kristalinity ɗinsa yana da girma, don haka rigidity, taurinsa da juriya na zafi suna da yawa.An fara ƙirƙirar PA1010 a cikin ƙasata a cikin 1958, tare da translucent, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun nauyi, babban elasticity da sassauci, ƙananan shayar ruwa fiye da PA66, da kwanciyar hankali mai dogaro.
Daga cikin nailan, nailan 66 yana da mafi girman tauri da rigidity, amma mafi munin tauri.Nailan iri-iri ana jerawa ta tauri: PA66 ~ PA66/6＜PA6＜PA610＜PA11＜PA12
The flammability na nailan ne ULS44-2, oxygen index ne 24-28, da bazuwar zafin jiki na nailan ne> 299 ℃, da kuma m konewa zai faru a 449 ~ 499 ℃.Nailan yana da ruwa mai narkewa mai kyau, don haka kaurin bangon samfurin na iya zama ƙanana kamar 1mm.
2. Tsarin halaye na PA
2.1.PA yana da sauƙi don ɗaukar danshi, don haka dole ne a bushe shi sosai kafin a sarrafa shi, kuma abun ciki ya kamata a sarrafa shi a ƙasa da 0.3%.An bushe kayan albarkatun da kyau kuma samfurin yana da girma, in ba haka ba zai zama m, kuma PA ba zai yi laushi a hankali tare da karuwar zafin jiki ba, amma zai yi laushi a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki kusa da wurin narkewa.Yawo yana faruwa (bambanta da PS, PE, PP, da sauransu).
Dankowar PA yana da ƙasa da sauran thermoplastics, kuma yanayin zafinsa na narkewa yana kunkuntar (kimanin 5 ℃ kawai).PA yana da ruwa mai kyau, mai sauƙin cikawa da tsari, da sauƙin cirewa.Ƙunƙarar bututun ƙarfe yana da haɗari ga "salivation", kuma manne yana buƙatar ya zama mafi girma.
PA yana da babban wurin narkewa da babban wurin daskarewa.Narkakkar kayan da ke cikin gyaggyarawa za su yi ƙarfi a kowane lokaci saboda yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da wurin narkewa, wanda ke hana cikar gyare-gyaren cikawa.Don haka, dole ne a yi amfani da allura mai sauri (musamman ga sassa na bakin ciki ko na dogon lokaci).Ya kamata gyare-gyaren nailan su sami isassun matakan shaye-shaye.
A cikin narkakkar, PA yana da rashin kwanciyar hankali na thermal kuma yana da sauƙin ragewa.Zazzabi na ganga bai kamata ya wuce 300 ° C ba, kuma lokacin dumama narkakken abu a cikin ganga bai kamata ya wuce minti 30 ba.PA yana da manyan buƙatu akan yanayin ƙirar ƙira, kuma ana iya sarrafa crystallinity ta wurin zafin jiki don samun aikin da ake buƙata.
The mold zafin jiki na PA abu ne zai fi dacewa 50-90 ° C, da aiki zafin jiki na PA1010 zai fi dacewa 220-240 ° C, da kuma aiki zafin jiki na PA66 ne 270-290 ° C.Kayayyakin PA wani lokaci suna buƙatar “maganin sanyaya jiki” ko “maganin sanyaya ɗanshi” bisa ga buƙatun inganci.
2.2.PA12 Kafin sarrafa polyamide 12 ko nailan 12, yakamata a kiyaye zafi a ƙasa da 0.1%.Idan an adana kayan da aka fallasa zuwa iska, ana bada shawarar bushewa a cikin iska mai zafi a 85C don 4 ~ 5 hours.Idan an adana kayan a cikin akwati marar iska, ana iya amfani da shi nan da nan bayan awoyi 3 na daidaita yanayin zafi.Yanayin narkewa shine 240 ~ 300C;ga kayan yau da kullun, kada ya wuce 310C, kuma ga kayan da ke da kaddarorin wuta, kada ya wuce 270C.
Mold zafin jiki: 30 ~ 40C don unreinforced kayan, 80 ~ 90C ga bakin ciki-bango ko babban yanki aka gyara, da kuma 90 ~ 100C don ƙarfafa kayan.Ƙara yawan zafin jiki zai ƙara crystallinity na kayan.Madaidaicin sarrafa zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci ga PA12.Matsin allura: har zuwa 1000bar (ana ba da shawarar ƙarancin riƙewa da zafin jiki mai narkewa).Gudun allura: babban gudun (mafi kyau ga kayan da kayan ƙara gilashin).
Mai gudu da ƙofar: Don kayan ba tare da ƙari ba, diamita na mai gudu ya kamata ya kasance a kusa da 30mm saboda ƙananan danko na kayan.Don kayan ƙarfafawa, ana buƙatar babban diamita mai gudu na 5 ~ 8mm.Siffar mai gudu yakamata ta zama madauwari.Ya kamata tashar allura ta kasance gajere gwargwadon yiwuwa.
Ana iya amfani da ƙofofi daban-daban.Kada ku yi amfani da ƙananan ƙofofi don manyan sassa na filastik, wannan don guje wa matsa lamba mai yawa ko raguwa mai yawa akan sassan filastik.Kauri daga cikin ƙofar ya fi dacewa daidai da kauri na ɓangaren filastik.Idan ana amfani da kofa mai nutsewa, ana ba da shawarar mafi ƙarancin diamita na 0.8mm.Motoci masu zafi masu zafi suna da tasiri, amma suna buƙatar madaidaicin sarrafa zafin jiki don hana abu daga yawo ko ƙarfafawa a bututun ƙarfe.Idan ana amfani da mai gudu mai zafi, girman ƙofar ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da na mai gudu mai sanyi.
2.3.PA6 Polyamide 6 ko Nylon 6: Tun da PA6 na iya ɗaukar danshi cikin sauƙi, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga bushewa kafin sarrafawa.Idan an kawo kayan a cikin marufi mai hana ruwa, ya kamata a kiyaye akwati sosai.Idan zafi ya fi 0.2%, ana bada shawarar bushewa a cikin iska mai zafi sama da 80C na awanni 16.Idan an fallasa kayan zuwa iska sama da sa'o'i 8, ana ba da shawarar bushewa a 105C fiye da sa'o'i 8.
Narke zafin jiki: 230 ~ 280C, 250 ~ 280C don ƙarfafa iri.Mold zafin jiki: 80 ~ 90C.Mold zafin jiki muhimmanci rinjayar crystallinity, wanda bi da bi rinjayar da inji Properties na filastik sassa.Crystallinity yana da matukar muhimmanci ga sassa na tsarin, don haka yawan zafin jiki da aka ba da shawarar shine 80 ~ 90C.
Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yanayin zafi mafi girma don ɓangarorin filastik masu sirara, masu tsayin tsari.Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na mold zai iya ƙara ƙarfi da ƙwanƙwasa ɓangaren filastik, amma yana rage taurin.Idan kauri na bango ya fi 3mm, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ƙananan zafin jiki na 20 ~ 40C.Don ƙarfafa gilashin, yawan zafin jiki ya kamata ya wuce 80C.Injection matsa lamba: kullum tsakanin 750 ~ 1250bar (dangane da kayan da samfurin zane).
Gudun allura: babban gudu (dan kadan ƙasa don ƙarfafa kayan).Masu gudu da ƙofofi: Saboda ɗan gajeren lokacin ƙarfafawa na PA6, wurin da ƙofar yake da mahimmanci.Diamita na ƙofar kada ta zama ƙasa da 0.5*t (a nan t shine kauri na ɓangaren filastik).Idan ana amfani da mai gudu mai zafi, girman ƙofar ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da masu gudu na al'ada, kamar yadda mai gudu mai zafi zai iya taimakawa wajen hana ƙaddamar da kayan aiki da wuri.Idan an yi amfani da kofa mai nutsewa, mafi ƙarancin diamita na ƙofar ya kamata ya zama 0.75mm.
2.4.PA66 Polyamide 66 ko Nylon 66 Idan an rufe kayan kafin aiki, to bushewa ba lallai ba ne.Koyaya, idan an buɗe kwandon ajiya, ana bada shawarar bushewa cikin iska mai zafi a 85C.Idan zafi ya fi 0.2%, ana buƙatar bushewa a 105C na sa'o'i 12.
Narke zafin jiki: 260 ~ 290C.Samfurin don ƙara gilashin shine 275 ~ 280C.Ya kamata a guje wa zafin jiki sama da 300C.Matsakaicin zafin jiki: 80C ana bada shawarar.Mold zafin jiki zai shafi crystallinity, da kuma crystallinity zai shafi jiki Properties na samfurin.
Don ɓangarorin filastik na bakin ciki, idan aka yi amfani da zafin jiki mai ƙasa da 40C, crystallinity na sassan filastik zai canza tare da lokaci.Don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na geometric na sassan filastik, ana buƙatar jiyya na annealing.Injection matsa lamba: yawanci 750 ~ 1250bar, dangane da abu da samfurin zane.Gudun allura: babban gudun (ƙananan ƙasa kaɗan don ƙarfafa kayan).
Masu gudu da ƙofofi: Tun da lokacin ƙarfafawa na PA66 yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, wurin da ƙofar yake da mahimmanci.Diamita na ƙofar kada ta zama ƙasa da 0.5*t (a nan t shine kauri na ɓangaren filastik).Idan ana amfani da mai gudu mai zafi, girman ƙofar ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da masu gudu na al'ada, kamar yadda mai gudu mai zafi zai iya taimakawa wajen hana ƙaddamar da kayan aiki da wuri.Idan an yi amfani da kofa mai nutsewa, mafi ƙarancin diamita na ƙofar ya kamata ya zama 0.75mm.
3. Yawan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun:
3.1.PA12 Polyamide 12 ko Nylon 12 Aikace-aikace: Mitoci na ruwa da sauran kayan kasuwanci, hannayen riga na USB, cams na inji, hanyoyin zamiya da bearings, da dai sauransu.
3.2.PA6 Polyamide 6 ko Nailan 6 Aikace-aikacen: Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sassa na tsari saboda kyakkyawan ƙarfin injinsa da taurinsa.Saboda kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa, ana kuma amfani da shi don kera bearings.
3.3.PA66 Polyamide 66 ko Nylon 66 Aikace-aikacen: Idan aka kwatanta da PA6, PA66 an fi amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar kera motoci, ɗakunan kayan aiki da sauran samfuran da ke buƙatar juriya mai ƙarfi da buƙatun ƙarfi.
Don ci gaba, idan kuna son ƙarin sani, da fatan za a ji daɗin tuntuɓar mu.Baiyear babbar masana'anta ce ta haɓaka masana'anta na filastik, gyare-gyaren allura da sarrafa ƙarfe.Ko kuma ku ci gaba da kula da cibiyar labarai ta gidan yanar gizon mu: www.baidasy.com, za mu ci gaba da sabunta labaran ilimin da suka shafi masana'antar sarrafa allura.
Adireshin: Andy Yang
Menene app: +86 13968705428
Email: Andy@baidasy.com
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-29-2022
